Of Gaiters And Dairy Ranches

Posted on January 11, 2017 by Annieoakley

Divided back, used, embossed postcard. Postmarked January 3, 1933 from Buhl, Idaho. Number 327. Publisher unknown.

Price: $4.00

Best New Years Wishes…

“To you dear friend

Sincere Greetings

I fondly send

This New Years Day.”

Well, we’re late in posting this per the above sentiment, but what a cute card, and I got to wondering if the little girl was wearing spats (the yellow footwear with side buttons) – but no, spats (short for spatterdashes) or at least how we think of them today, were the shorter, over the ankle covers, so we would call these gaiters. It seems like the term gaiter underwent a full circle, first found in reference to how troops were outfitted, and per the article below, used for warmth as well as for spatter guards.

From The Pennsylvania Gazette in 1760.

19th-century ads for gaiters reveal various types….canvas, silk, lasting, button, laced, Congress, heeled (that gave it away right there)….come to find out gaiters had by then, become the popular word used to describe a half-boot form reminiscent of that two-tone affect where the leggings met over the shoe. But the word was also used loosely, for example, Congress gaiters were really a half-boot, of a style very common today.

Below, an advertisement from The Louisville Courier (Louisville KY). What’s “chrap” in the top ad? It was a little disappointing to find this was just a misprint!

From the website American Duchess some beautiful photos of women’s footwear in the category in question: “Extant Victorian Side-Lacing Gaiters.”

Last but not least, and returning from our tangent above: We get a kick out of Hazel’s casual-sounding promise of the hopeful future endeavor outlined in her note. Did she find one? Whether she did or did not, we like her style. You go, girl!

“Dear Aunt Alice & all. I do hope you will all have a better year than the one ending. I am coming down there this summer and hunt me a dairy ranch. Love – Hazel.”

Addressed to: “Mrs. Alice Ellison, 1015 O St., Sacramento, California.”

Sources: The Pennsylvania Gazette. April 24, 1760, Thursday. p. 2 (Newspapers.com)

“Extant Victorian Side-Lacing Gaiters.” January 13, 2014. American Duchess. Historical Costuming. (americanduchess.blogspot.com) Accessed January 11, 2017.

The Louisville Daily Courier. May 31, 1849, Thursday. p. 2 (Newspapers.com)

“My Dog and I”

Posted on July 9, 2016 by Annieoakley

Set of two photos, circa 1920s, of girl and puppy.

Price: $3.00 Size: About 2 and 7/8 x 2″ each.

Apparently, the grammar is incorrect, as it’s supposed to be “my dog and me.” Take out “dog” and you wouldn’t name the photo “I” 🙂 but I didn’t know that either, till I looked it up. Proof we’ve been confused for decades on this point, I guess. But how adorable are these photos: young girl with a bobbed haircut, in her backyard, bottle-feeding her little puppy.

Stilt House, 1907

Posted on April 5, 2016 by Annieoakley

A Real Photo Postcard showing a sepia-toned, faded image of four men, one woman and a small dog, posed in front of a home on stilts. The very faint writing, in pencil at the bottom, says, “taken during Dec. 1907.” The location is unknown, somewhere in the U. S. we presume, though unless it was in the South, it seems to have been unseasonably warm for December, since the group is all in shirtsleeves. Here is the image darkened in Photoshop:

Divided back, unused, Real Photo Postcard. Dated December 1907. AZO stamp box.

Price: $5.00

Photos From A Family Album

Gallery

Posted on November 11, 2015 by Annieoakley

This gallery contains 63 photos.

Here are a bunch of old photos from someone’s family album, that have been waiting around to finally get scanned and posted. This is WWI Era (the date from the army barracks photos appears to be 7/20/18) and several show … Continue reading →

Paris Card Company, Boston, 1881

Posted on November 8, 2015 by Annieoakley

Trade Card. Circa 1881. Paris Card Co., Boston, MA

Price: $25.00 Size: About 2 and 3/4 x 4 and 1/2″

Here’s another in what we call our “Breakthrough” category, and like the last post, it’s a trade card from Boston. We’ll describe the person that does the “breaking through” as a smiling, Regency Era gentleman with long sideburns, bushy eyebrows, light-colored trousers and waistcoat, and dark cutaway (?) coat, watch hanging from fob, cuffed boots and a low-crown hat with curly brim. To his left and sitting just slightly behind him is his little dog. In contrast to the man, the dog gazes directly at us – a smart idea by the artist. Note the shadows for both figures, as well. The card indicates:

“Paris Card Co. P. O. Box 2627, Boston, : Mass.”

The only year we’ve found for this company is 1881. Below is an ad that ran in both Peterson’s Ladies National Magazine and the American Agriculturist for that year. Also, at the moment of putting up this post, no other trade cards for this company were found online.

Source: Peterson’s Ladies National Magazine, Vol. 79. 1881. (Google eBook)

Misfit Parlors, 4 Hayward Place, Boston

Posted on November 8, 2015 by Annieoakley

Trade Card. Circa 1892.

Price: $15.00 Size: About 5 and 1/8 x 3 and 1/8″

“Misfit Parlors. No. 4 Hayward Place, Boston.”

A very similar card for this same establishment (with moon and dog) was found online as having been sold at auction; hence the heavy watermarks on ours above. But what a beauty, with the winking moon, the sky colors, and the little white dog! The reverse side advertises their price listing for custom-made pants and overcoats, and includes the lovely phrasing:

“High Art and Elegant Garments in Silk and Satin Lined Overcoats and Ulsterettes, rendering a most opportune chance to secure….A $50.00 Custom-Made Overcoat for – – – $20.00…..”

“Recollect, every Garment bears the name of the Tailor.”

“Misfit Parlors. Private House, 4 Hayward Place, Near Globe Theatre, 3 doors from Washington St. Open evenings till 9 o’clock; Saturday, till 11 P.M.”

A want ad in the Boston Post dated September 10, 1892, finds the Boston Misfit Clothing Company located just down the street, at 26 Hayward Place.

In checking city directories for both the addresses, it would appear that the Misfit Clothing Company may not have been long in operation. Various individuals show at the Hayward Place addresses in the 1880’s and 1890’s, under a variety of occupations, so it would seem there was a high turnover for tenants. This fact, along with the above ad being in the want ads, probably indicates the proprietor didn’t have a lot of money to spend on advertising, and was not doing well enough to continue for very long, or perhaps just moved on to something he or she liked better.

The phrase “misfit clothing” seems to have been one used back in the day. Another ad for a tailor (unrelated to our trade card) advertised in the 1880 Fall River, Mass city directory, “Misfit clothing altered to perfect fit.”

A parlor is not always a brothel….

The very similar card from Misfit Parlors, that we mentioned at the beginning of this post, is one that we discovered was sold at auction, and we were surprised to find it described there as advertising a brothel. For sure, one can see how the use of the word “parlors” could invite this interpretation, but really, without any records found to back up this claim, even if one were stretching the point, as if the clothing store was a “front” or something….well, you can do the math. (Be careful with what you’re told is factual and with what you want to believe to be true.)

Sources: Boston Post. 10 September 1892. Saturday, p. 7. (Newspapers.com.)

Ulster coat. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_coat. (accessed November 8, 2015).

Sampson, Davenport & Co.’s Fall River Directory, 1880, Vol 14. p. 526. (Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1989.)

Man And Dog, Pendleton, Oregon

Posted on April 12, 2015 by Annieoakley

What a nice photo – a man and his dog interacting on a street in front of their home in Pendleton, Oregon. The dog, who appears to be a Fox Terrier (Smooth) is standing on his hind legs waiting to be rewarded with the treat the man is holding. The back of this photo shows the stamp:

“Economy Drug & Music Co., Pendleton, Oregon. Kodak Finishing, Copying and Enlarging.” Thomas Young is listed as the proprietor of this store, according to a music trade journal entry dated July 23, 1923. Just the snippet version of the article appears, but it announces the store’s opening. Thomas Young appears with his wife and children, as a music store owner on the 1930 Federal Census for Pendleton. The census states he was born about 1888 in Wyoming, so he would have been about 35 when he opened the store in 1923. A 1928 city directory shows the store address at 604 Main St. By 1940 Thomas and family are living in Medford, Oregon; he is listed as being born in Oregon on this census, and proprietor of a drug store. So, checking the city directories for Medford, we find as early as 1937, Thomas and his wife, and the new store name of Young’s Cut-Rate Drug Store; with additional info given that Thomas Young is president and manager of Young’s Drug Co., Inc. So, this puts the Economy Drug & Music Co. store from 1923 to no later than 1937.

Just the dog, posing sitting up on his haunches, with what might be a view of the dog and man’s home or a neighbor’s home, in the background. As to the architectural style of the house, it appears to be a Craftsman.

Two vintage photos, Pendleton, Oregon, circa 1923 – 1937. Size of man and dog photo: About 2 and 1/4 x 4.” Size of dog photo: About 3 x 4 and 3/4.”

Price for the pair: $8.00

Sources: Music Trades, Vol. 66, 1923. p. 29. (Google eBook) Web accessed April 12, 2015.

Year: 1930; Census Place: Pendleton, Umatilla, Oregon; Roll: 1956; Page: 4B; Enumeration District: 0054; Image: 306.0; FHL microfilm: 2341690. (Ancestry.com)

R. L. Polk & Co.’s Buyers’ Guide of Pendleton City and Umatilla County, 1928 – 1929. p. 37. (Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989)

Year: 1940; Census Place: Medford, Jackson, Oregon; Roll: T627_3362; Page: 3A; Enumeration District: 15-43. (Ancestry.com)

Polk’s Medford City and Jackson County (Oregon) Directory, Vol. II, 1937. p. 236. (Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989)

The Dog Vase

Posted on April 7, 2015 by Annieoakley

Divided back, unused, Real Photo Postcard. AZO stamp box. Circa 1910s.

Price: $4.00

This Real Photo Postcard shows a boy and girl, who must be brother and sister. The boy looks to be around nine or ten, and the girl around twelve or thirteen. They are posed standing on each side of a small pedestal type wooden table with tablecloth, which holds a vase of flowers and something else – a little too dark to discern, maybe a box or a cloth-covered book. But it’s the vase that we might feel drawn to, because it looks like it was made to resemble the face of a dog. (I thought bunny at first till I looked closer.) And it’s the unexpected ideas that come up that can be funny or charming…whichever figurative path you’re led down when you look at something. So, besides noticing right off, the expressions and resemblance to each other of the kids and their beautiful clothing (so elaborate by today’s standards) what strikes me the most is the strong feeling of seeing three “characters” posing for this photo. 😉

As for the date of the postcard: In general, the AZO stamp box with two triangles up and two down, falls under the broad range of about 1910 – 1930, but I would estimate it to be probably from the 1910s. (And can’t help but put this one in the “Dogs” category!)

Haslett & Gladding Druggists

Posted on September 27, 2014 by Annieoakley

Trade card, circa 1875 – 1880. Size: About 4 and 1/2 x 3″

Price: $20.00

Here’s a beautiful and unusual old trade card. Too bad about the tears in the card on the left, but what an interesting one! The printing at the top shows “Compliments of Haslett & Gladding, Druggists, Constantine, Mich.” and the artwork shows a figure of a little man wearing what this web author first thought of as a Pagliacci style clown suit, sitting on a tree branch, singing a song from an opera. As always, the research for old trade cards illuminates a little bit of history, and informs the researcher. This little figure actually represents Pierrot, described in a Wikipedia entry as “…a stock character of pantomime and Commedia dell’Arte whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne; the name is a hypocorism of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in postmodern popular culture – in poetry, fiction, the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall – is that of the sad clown, pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for Harlequin.”

To finish describing the above card, Pierrot is singing with great emotion, and holding sheet music on which we can read the words au clair de la lune mon ami pierrot (in the moonlight my friend Pierrot.) A benevolent full moon, smiling down upon Pierrot, appears in the top right corner. The background is gold tone with white stars, but what seems most unusual and somewhat perplexing are the two dog-like animals perched on the branch below our subject. Dogs in trees?

As for the “opera” – the sheet music turns out to be actually that of the classic french children’s song Au clair de la lune. Author unknown, and dating from at least back to the mid-18th century, this song made history in 2008, when the first known recording of the human voice was digitized, and it was detected that what was being heard was a couple of lines from this folk song. The ten-second snippet was recorded in 1860 by Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville using a device called a phonautograph, and pre-dates Thomas Edison’s recording of “Mary Had a Little Lamb” by seventeen years. From an article by Jason Dearen of the Associated Press, “Using a needle that moved in response to sound, the phonautograph etched sound waves into paper coated with soot from an oil lamp.” “Au Clair de la Lune” and other recordings were discovered by audio historian David Giovannoni and his research partner Patrick Feaster in France’s patent office. Earliest Known Voice Recording Discovered in France.

Getting back to the question of the two animals perched on the lower tree branch: I thought at first that they might be lynxes, after coming across the image below just a few days after getting the trade card. This drawing was done by New York artist Edmund Henry Garrett (1853 – 1929.) And it depends upon how you look at the animal on the right in the top image – that appears to be his left ear rather than snout. If you view the ear as a snout then Pierrot’s animal friends might appear to be more coyote-like, but look again and you’ll probably decide that that is not the animal’s profile that we’re looking at, in which case the lynx idea doesn’t fit. Of course, they may have just been something created from the artist’s imagination….To be treed by lynxes though, what an unusual subject, so I just thought it would be fun to include this here.

Last but not least, Haslett & Gladding Druggists show up in Polk’s city directories for Constantine, Michigan for 1875 and 1877. The 1877 directory shows that they were Charles M. Haslett and Benjamin O. Gladding. As of the the date of this post, no other trade cards were found online for them.

Charles McLean Haslett was born in New York, December 8, 1846, son of Peter and Helen Haslett. (The christening and birth record does not state his mother’s maiden name.) He married Charlotte E. Knowlen January 25, 1870. The 1870 Federal Census for Constantine shows the newlyweds living with Charles’ parents. His occupation is retail druggist. Sadly, Charles died young at the age of 40, May 24, 1887, in Detroit.

Benjamin O. Gladding was born in Michigan, August 5, 1847, son of John Gladding and Martha E. Howard. The 1850 Federal Census for Constantine shows Benjamin, his parents and his two older sisters, Emily and Jerusha Gladding. Also in the household is 18-year old Elisabeth Churchill[?], possibly a boarder or domestic servant. Benjamin married Louisa Lantz, born Pennsylvania, April 30, 1849. (Louisa is “H. Louisa” on a couple of her census records.) The 1880 census for Constantine shows Benjamin and Louisa, and their children, William O., age five, and Mary L., eight months. Benjamin’s occupation is druggist. Find A Grave shows the death year for Benjamin as 1919.

Sources: Pagliacci. n.d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagliacci. (accessed September 23, 2014.)

Pierrot. n.d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierrot. (accessed September 23, 2014.)

Romer, Megan, “Au Clair de la Lune Lyrics and Translation,” About.com. http://worldmusic.about.com/od/instrumentation/a/AuClairdelaLune.htm. (accessed September 24, 2014.)

Dearen, Jason, “Earliest Known Voice Recording Discovered in France.” Associated Press (March 28, 2008.) Web article from National Geographic News (October 28, 2010.) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/03/080328-AP-earliest-re.html (accessed September 24, 2014.)

Garrett, Edmund H., Treed By Lynxes. American Art and American Art Collections. Ed. Walter Montgomery. Boston: E. W. Walker & Co., 1889. p. 266. (Google eBooks.)

Edmund H. Garrett. n.d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_H._Garrett. (accessed September 23, 2014.)

R. L. Polk & Co.,’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory. 1875, p. 195 and 1877, Vol. III. p. 231. (Google eBooks.)

“New York, Births and Christenings, 1640-1962,” index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FDTF-RMQ : accessed 26 Sep 2014), Charles Mc Lean Haslett, 08 Dec 1846; citing , reference ; FHL microfilm 363878.

Year: 1860; Census Place: Constantine, St Joseph, Michigan; Roll: M653_561; Page: 355; Image: 365; Family History Library Film: 803561. (Ancestry.com)

“Michigan, Marriages, 1868-1925,” index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N3KK-TM5 : accessed 27 Sep 2014), Chas. W. L. Haslet and Charlotte E. Knowlen, 25 Jan 1870; citing Constantine, St Joseph, Michigan, v 3 p 210 rn 59, Department of Vital Records, Lansing; FHL microfilm 2342452.

Year: 1870; Census Place: Constantine, St Joseph, Michigan; Roll: M593_700; Page: 63B; Image: 130; Family History Library Film: 552199. (Ancestry.com)

Ancestry.com. Michigan, Deaths and Burials Index, 1867-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.

Year: 1850; Census Place: Constantine, St Joseph, Michigan; Roll: M432_362; Page: 295A; Image: 365. (Ancestry.com)

“Michigan, County Marriages, 1820-1935,” index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VNLS-J18 : accessed 27 Sep 2014), John P Gladding and Martha E Howard, 10 Oct 1839; citing p. 132, St. Joseph, Michigan; FHL microfilm 1295528.

“Michigan, Marriages, 1868-1925,” index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N3X1-LHY : accessed 27 Sep 2014), Louisa Lantz in entry for Wm. O. Gladding and Clara H. Cummings, 20 Sep 1898; citing Centerville, St Joseph, Michigan, v 4 p 269 rn 2516, Department of Vital Records, Lansing; FHL microfilm 2342510.

Year: 1880; Census Place: Constantine, St Joseph, Michigan; Roll: 603; Family History Film: 1254603; Page: 292A; Enumeration District: 191; Image: 0239. (Ancestry.com)

Year: 1900; Census Place: Chicago Ward 35, Cook, Illinois; Roll: 291; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 1134; FHL microfilm: 1240291. (Ancestry.com)

Find A Grave Memorial# 75381891 (Findagrave.com)

By The Sad Sea Waves

Posted on August 29, 2014 by Annieoakley

Divided back, used postcard. Postmarked June 2, 1908, Idaho (city unknown.) Publisher unknown.

Price: $20.00

A wonderfully unusual postcard showing a drawing of a man in an old-fashioned bathing suit (the card is postmarked 1908) who is bald on top with a fringe of hair around the side. He has a large belly, has his dog with him, and they are standing at the seashore, crying. The waves are sad and are crying and the clouds are also crying. A sailboat appears off in the distance. Much of the drawing is in blue, like a pen and ink type drawing, but it has a beautiful bright yellow color for most of the sand and waves. (The poor dog looks so sad.)

The surprising thing (for most of us) is that the caption for this one has been around a while. And it is just so fascinating to make these types of discoveries; looking back over a week’s worth of research, and getting that sense of the postcard turning into kind of an invisible, then visible doorway. The doorway materializes (a shimmery effect I’d say) at the point of realization that there’s so much more to this one than meets the eye. The phrase in the spotlight for this post had lasted for at least 77 years. Who knows for sure who coined the original? By The Sad Sea Waves also came up referenced on a great website for slang of the Old West, which got me imagining the reverse of us looking back: those in the past looking forward at us (why not? It’s a physics thing) and finding our sayings today just as perplexing, interesting and delightful as we find theirs. This postcard takes us back through the years and touches different media, from film in 1917, which was going forward from the postcard date – back to a newspaper cartoon in 1905, back to a music hall song in 1895, back to several paintings, one of which is circa 1878, and prior to that a ballad in an opera written in about 1844. Starting with the most recent and traveling backward we have:

Comedian Harold Lloyd in one of the scenes from the silent movie By The Sad Sea Waves, which debuted in 1917. (By permission from Harold Lloyd Entertainment.)

Political cartoonist Clifford K. Berryman’s By the Sad Sea Waves, which appeared in the Washington Post, August 31, 1905. The gentleman in the postcard has similar characteristics to one of the characters below. (And the captions are a scream.)

Music hall song lyrics for By The Sad Sea Waves written in 1895 by Lester Barret and Lester Thomas:

“In the glorious summer season, everybody takes a trip,

To the seaside; for enjoyment, on the sands they gaily skip;

Married men with wives and children, single Johnnies, on the mash;

Pretty girls who seek for husbands, who have pockets full of cash.

By the sad sea waves, where the ladies are so charming;

By the sad sea waves, in the glorious summer time,

With their fetching smiles and dresses, rosy lips and golden tresses,

Shady nooks and sly caresses, by the sad sea waves.

At the boarding house in Newport, Percy Vere met Gladys Gray;

Soon he showed his fond affection, took her driving every day.

By his tone he seemed a marquis, she had jewels in galore;

So they formed a love engaqement, as they strolled along the shore.

By the sad sea waves, every night he took her strolling;

By the sad sea waves he would swear his heart was gone!

She’s the only girl he sings to, she’s the girl he says nice things to,

Promised lovely diamond rings to, by the sad sea waves!

When their holidays were over and they had to say adieu;

He, to join his yacht at Brighton, she to join her papa too;

They agreed to write each other Billet Doudlets every day,

And when he’d his mansion ready, they’d be married right away.

From the sad sea waves back to business, in the morning’

From the sad sea waves, to his humble ‘five a week!’

In a cafe he goes dashing, who should bring his plate of hash in,

But the girl he had been mashing by the sad sea waves!

British artist Frederick William Hayes’ (1848-1918) oil painting By The Sad Sea Waves. (Photo credit to Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery Trust. Used by permission from the BBC website Your Paintings.)

An engraving appearing in The Art Journal of the painting By The Sad Sea Waves by British-born American artist John George Brown (1831-1913.) The original painting was displayed in an exhibit in 1878 at the National Academy in New York.

Sheet music with cover showing announcement for England-born opera singer Sara Elizabeth Flower’s (1823-1865) performance in 1850 of the ballad By The Sad Sea Waves from the opera The Brides Of Venice. (1844) Music by Sir Julius Benedict, lyrics by J. L. Lambert. The performance took place May 3, 1850 at the Royal Victoria Theatre in Sydney, Australia. (Obtained online from National Library of Australia.)

There is also a poem attributed to I. L. Cosham under the title By The Sad Sea Waves which appears in an 1895 publication of The Fisherman, a monthly publication for The Gloucester Fisherman’s Institute. Not much was found for Cosham other than a reference to “Celtic Poets.” A watercolor painted in 1853 titled By The Sad Sea Waves was found for England-born Australian artist Charles Norton (1826-1872) and as you can guess, a number of other references to or works of art under the same title, show up online (which we won’t get to here, being anxious to move on to the next subject.) But we’re left with that delightful feeling of having explored some hitherto unknown roads.

Almost last but not least, this one is part of the Alice Ellison Collection. The sender writes:

“Hello Cousin, Hope you are well now. Be good and come to see me. Also send me a postal if you please. Lentie.” The card is addressed to: “Miss Bessie Ellison, 26th & Cheyenne Ave., Pueblo, Colo.”

Lastly, the same postcard is showing up for sale online, in a couple of places at the time of this post, for between about one dollar and several dollars. Were this card in very good condition, I would be want to place the value at about $20.00 because of the history attached to it, but it’s certainly not in good shape, what with the missing left corner. If interested in purchasing, just make an offer.

Sources: Scheer, Ron. “Glossary of frontier fiction: B (buck ague – ‘By the Sad Sea Waves’).” Buddies in the saddle, September 28, 2013. Web accessed 27 Jul 2014.

U.S. Senate, Office of Senate Curator, Berryman Political Cartoon Collection. (compiled 1896-1949) National Archives identifier 6010614. Web accessed 27 Jul 2014.

Barret, Lester and Thomas, Lester, song By the Sad Sea Waves (1895). From monologues.co.uk Music Hall Lyrics Collection. Accessed 22 Jul 2014

Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery Trust. Your Paintings.
Copyright British Broadcasting Company. n.d. Web accessed 27 Jul 2014.

Brown, John G., painting By The Sad Sea Waves.
The Art Journal for 1878, Vol. 4. D. Appleton & Co., New York. p. 289. Web accessed 26 Jul 2014. (Google eBooks)

John George Brown. n.d. In Wikipedia. Accessed 25 Jul 2014.

Gyger, Alison. “Flower, Sara Elizabeth (1823-1865).” Australian Dictionary of Biography. 2005. Web accessed 24 Jul 2014.

Benedict, Julius and Lambert, J.L., Ballad By the Sad Sea Waves, National Library of Australia, Digital Music Collections, an14181939. Web. Accessed 30 Jul 2014.

Julius Benedict. n.d. In Wikipedia. Accessed 27 Jul 2014.

Cosham, I. L. poem By The Sad Sea Waves. The Fisherman. Vol. 1, No. 6, June 1895. The Gloucester Fisherman’s Institute. p. 96. Web. Accessed 27 Jul 2014. (Google eBooks)

Norton, Charles. Watercolor painting By the Sad Sea Waves. State Library of Victoria. Web.Accessed July 27, 2014.

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